1cdf0e10cSrcweir<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2cdf0e10cSrcweir<helpdocument version="1.0"> 3cdf0e10cSrcweir 452ac0773SAndrew Rist<!--*********************************************************** 5cdf0e10cSrcweir * 652ac0773SAndrew Rist * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one 752ac0773SAndrew Rist * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file 852ac0773SAndrew Rist * distributed with this work for additional information 952ac0773SAndrew Rist * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file 1052ac0773SAndrew Rist * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 1152ac0773SAndrew Rist * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance 1252ac0773SAndrew Rist * with the License. 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See the License for the 2052ac0773SAndrew Rist * specific language governing permissions and limitations 2152ac0773SAndrew Rist * under the License. 2252ac0773SAndrew Rist * 2352ac0773SAndrew Rist ***********************************************************--> 2452ac0773SAndrew Rist 2552ac0773SAndrew Rist 26cdf0e10cSrcweir 27cdf0e10cSrcweir 28cdf0e10cSrcweir<meta> 29cdf0e10cSrcweir <topic id="textscalc0104060105xml" indexer="include"> 30cdf0e10cSrcweir <title xml-lang="en-US" id="tit">Logical Functions</title> 31cdf0e10cSrcweir <filename>/text/scalc/01/04060105.xhp</filename> 32cdf0e10cSrcweir </topic> 33cdf0e10cSrcweir </meta> 34cdf0e10cSrcweir <body> 35cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3153484"><bookmark_value>logical functions</bookmark_value> 36cdf0e10cSrcweir <bookmark_value>Function Wizard; logical</bookmark_value> 37cdf0e10cSrcweir <bookmark_value>functions; logical functions</bookmark_value> 38cdf0e10cSrcweir</bookmark> 39cdf0e10cSrcweir<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3153484" role="heading" level="1" l10n="U" oldref="1">Logical Functions</paragraph> 40cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149312" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="2"><variable id="logischtext">This category contains the <emph>Logical</emph> functions. 41cdf0e10cSrcweir</variable></paragraph> 42cdf0e10cSrcweir <section id="howtoget"> 43cdf0e10cSrcweir <embed href="text/scalc/00/00000404.xhp#eikalo"/> 44cdf0e10cSrcweir </section> 45cdf0e10cSrcweir<sort order="asc"> 46cdf0e10cSrcweir<section id="Section6"> 47cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3147505"><bookmark_value>AND function</bookmark_value> 48cdf0e10cSrcweir</bookmark> 49cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_UND" id="bm_id3145320" localize="false"/> 50cdf0e10cSrcweir<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3147505" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U" 51cdf0e10cSrcweir oldref="29">AND</paragraph> 52cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3153959" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="65"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_UND">Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE.</ahelp> If one of the elements is FALSE, this function returns the FALSE value.</paragraph> 53cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3146100" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="66">The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1<5, 2+3=7, B8<10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.</paragraph> 54cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150538" role="note" l10n="CHG" oldref="67">When a function expects a single value, but you entered a cell range, then the value from the cell range is taken that is in the same column or row as the formula.<comment>UFI: fixed #i18547#</comment></paragraph> 55cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149128" role="note" l10n="CHG" oldref="68">If the entered range is outside of the current column or row of the formula, the function returns the error value #VALUE!</paragraph> 56cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3150374" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" 57cdf0e10cSrcweir oldref="31">Syntax</paragraph> 58cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3159123" role="code" l10n="U" oldref="32">AND(LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30)</paragraph> 59cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150038" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="33"> 60cdf0e10cSrcweir <emph>LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30</emph> are conditions to be checked. All conditions can be either TRUE or FALSE. If a range is entered as a parameter, the function uses the value from the range that is in the current column or row. The result is TRUE if the logical value in all cells within the cell range is TRUE.</paragraph> 61cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3149143" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" 62cdf0e10cSrcweir oldref="34">Example</paragraph> 63cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3153123" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="35">The logical values of entries 12<13; 14>12, and 7<6 are to be checked:</paragraph> 64cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3145632" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="36"> 65cdf0e10cSrcweir <item type="input">=AND(12<13;14>12;7<6)</item> returns FALSE.</paragraph> 66cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149946" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="60"> 67cdf0e10cSrcweir <item type="input">=AND (FALSE;TRUE)</item> returns FALSE.</paragraph> 68cdf0e10cSrcweir </section> 699471d491SKay Schenk<section id="Section1"> 709471d491SKay Schenk<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3156256"><bookmark_value>TRUE function</bookmark_value> 719471d491SKay Schenk</bookmark> 729471d491SKay Schenk<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_WAHR" id="bm_id3148426" localize="false"/> 739471d491SKay Schenk<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3156256" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U" 749471d491SKay Schenk oldref="38">TRUE</paragraph> 759471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155985" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="39"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_WAHR">The logical value is set to TRUE.</ahelp> The TRUE() function does not require any arguments, and always returns the logical value TRUE.</paragraph> 769471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3153717" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" 779471d491SKay Schenk oldref="40">Syntax</paragraph> 789471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3152590" role="code" l10n="U" oldref="41">TRUE()</paragraph> 799471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3147175" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" 809471d491SKay Schenk oldref="42">Example</paragraph> 819471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3146148" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="43">If A=TRUE and B=FALSE the following examples appear:</paragraph> 829471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3083285" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="44"> 839471d491SKay Schenk <item type="input">=AND(A;B)</item> returns FALSE</paragraph> 849471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3083444" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="45"> 859471d491SKay Schenk <item type="input">=OR(A;B)</item> returns TRUE</paragraph> 869471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154314" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="46"> 879471d491SKay Schenk <item type="input">=NOT(AND(A;B))</item> returns TRUE</paragraph> 88*1aeb69bdSKay Schenk</section> 89*1aeb69bdSKay Schenk<section id="Section5"> 90cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3149015"><bookmark_value>FALSE function</bookmark_value> 91cdf0e10cSrcweir</bookmark> 92cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_FALSCH" id="bm_id3154678" localize="false"/> 93cdf0e10cSrcweir<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3149015" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U" oldref="3">FALSE</paragraph> 94cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149890" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="4"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_FALSCH">Returns the logical value FALSE.</ahelp> The FALSE() function does not require any arguments, and always returns the logical value FALSE.</paragraph> 95cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3146939" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" oldref="5">Syntax</paragraph> 96cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150030" role="code" l10n="U" oldref="6">FALSE()</paragraph> 97cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3150697" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" oldref="7">Example</paragraph> 98cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154842" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="8"> 99cdf0e10cSrcweir <item type="input">=FALSE()</item> returns FALSE</paragraph> 100cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3147468" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="9"> 101cdf0e10cSrcweir <item type="input">=NOT(FALSE())</item> returns TRUE</paragraph> 102cdf0e10cSrcweir </section> 103*1aeb69bdSKay Schenk<section id="Section4"> 104cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3150141"><bookmark_value>IF function</bookmark_value> 105cdf0e10cSrcweir</bookmark> 106cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_WENN" id="bm_id3152789" localize="false"/> 107cdf0e10cSrcweir<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3150141" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U" 108cdf0e10cSrcweir oldref="48">IF</paragraph> 109cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3148740" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="49"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_WENN">Specifies a logical test to be performed.</ahelp></paragraph> 110cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3153325" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" 111cdf0e10cSrcweir oldref="50">Syntax</paragraph> 112cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154558" role="code" l10n="CHG" oldref="51">IF(Test; ThenValue; OtherwiseValue)</paragraph> 113cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149727" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="52"> 114cdf0e10cSrcweir <emph>Test</emph> is any value or expression that can be TRUE or FALSE.</paragraph> 115cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155828" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="53"> 116cdf0e10cSrcweir <emph>ThenValue</emph> (optional) is the value that is returned if the logical test is TRUE.</paragraph> 117cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154811" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="54"> 118cdf0e10cSrcweir <emph>OtherwiseValue</emph> (optional) is the value that is returned if the logical test is FALSE.</paragraph> 119cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_idN107FA" role="paragraph" l10n="NEW"> 120cdf0e10cSrcweir <embedvar href="text/scalc/00/00000004.xhp#optional"/> 121cdf0e10cSrcweir </paragraph> 122cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3149507" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" 123cdf0e10cSrcweir oldref="55">Examples</paragraph> 124cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150867" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="57"> 125cdf0e10cSrcweir <item type="input">=IF(A1>5;100;"too small")</item> If the value in A1 is higher than 5, the value 100 is entered in the current cell; otherwise, the text “too small” (without quotes) is entered.</paragraph> 126cdf0e10cSrcweir </section> 127*1aeb69bdSKay Schenk<section id="Section3"> 128cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3155954"><bookmark_value>NOT function</bookmark_value> 129cdf0e10cSrcweir</bookmark> 130cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_NICHT" id="bm_id3145168" localize="false"/> 131cdf0e10cSrcweir<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3155954" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U" 132cdf0e10cSrcweir oldref="12">NOT</paragraph> 133cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3153570" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="13"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_NICHT">Complements (inverts) a logical value.</ahelp></paragraph> 134cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3147372" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" 135cdf0e10cSrcweir oldref="14">Syntax</paragraph> 136cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3157996" role="code" l10n="U" oldref="15">NOT(LogicalValue)</paragraph> 137cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3148766" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="16"> 138cdf0e10cSrcweir <emph>LogicalValue</emph> is any value to be complemented.</paragraph> 139cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3149884" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" 140cdf0e10cSrcweir oldref="17">Example</paragraph> 141cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150132" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="18"> 142cdf0e10cSrcweir <item type="input">=NOT(A)</item>. If A=TRUE then NOT(A) will evaluate FALSE.</paragraph> 143cdf0e10cSrcweir </section> 1449471d491SKay Schenk<section id="Section2"> 145cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3148394"><bookmark_value>OR function</bookmark_value> 146cdf0e10cSrcweir</bookmark> 147cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_ODER" id="bm_id3155620" localize="false"/> 148cdf0e10cSrcweir<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3148394" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U" 149cdf0e10cSrcweir oldref="20">OR</paragraph> 150cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3156060" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="61"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_ODER">Returns TRUE if at least one argument is TRUE.</ahelp> This function returns the value FALSE, if all the arguments have the logical value FALSE.</paragraph> 151cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3148771" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="62">The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1<5, 2+3=7, B8<10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.</paragraph> 152cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3153546" role="note" l10n="CHG" oldref="63">When a function expects a single value, but you entered a cell range, then the value from the cell range is taken that is in the same column or row as the formula.</paragraph> 153cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149027" role="note" l10n="CHG" oldref="64">If the entered range is outside of the current column or row of the formula, the function returns the error value #VALUE!</paragraph> 154cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3155517" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" 155cdf0e10cSrcweir oldref="22">Syntax</paragraph> 156cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150468" role="code" l10n="U" oldref="23">OR(LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30)</paragraph> 157cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155819" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="24"> 158cdf0e10cSrcweir <emph>LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30</emph> are conditions to be checked. All conditions can be either TRUE or FALSE. If a range is entered as a parameter, the function uses the value from the range that is in the current column or row.<comment>UFI: first try to fix bugtraq 4905779</comment></paragraph> 159cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3153228" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" 1609471d491SKay Schenk oldref="25">Examples:</paragraph> 161cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154870" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="26">The logical values of entries 12<11; 13>22, and 45=45 are to be checked.</paragraph> 162cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155371" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="27"> 163cdf0e10cSrcweir <item type="input">=OR(12<11;13>22;45=45)</item> returns TRUE.</paragraph> 164cdf0e10cSrcweir <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3158412" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="59"> 165cdf0e10cSrcweir <item type="input">=OR(FALSE;TRUE)</item> returns TRUE.</paragraph> 166cdf0e10cSrcweir </section> 1679471d491SKay Schenk<section id="Section7"> 1689471d491SKay Schenk<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3148394K"><bookmark_value>XOR function</bookmark_value> 1699471d491SKay Schenk</bookmark><comment>kschenk added this entry</comment> 1709471d491SKay Schenk<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_ODER" id="bm_id3155620K" localize="false"/> 1719471d491SKay Schenk<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3148394K" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U">XOR</paragraph> 1729471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3156060K" role="paragraph" l10n="U"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_ODER">Returns the exclusive "or" of arguments.</ahelp></paragraph> 1739471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3148771K" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="62">The arguments are either numbers, logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1<5, 2+3=7, B8<10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3).</paragraph> 1749471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149027K" role="note" l10n="CHG">If the entered range is outside of the current column or row of the formula, the function returns the error value #VALUE!</paragraph> 1759471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3155517K" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" 1769471d491SKay Schenk oldref="22">Syntax</paragraph> 1779471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150468K" role="code" l10n="U">XOR(Value1; Value2 ...Value30)</paragraph> 1789471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155819K" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="24"> 1799471d491SKay Schenk 1809471d491SKay Schenk <emph>Value1; Value2 ...Value30</emph> are are added modulo 2. TRUE is returned if the result of this addition is 1819471d491SKay Schenk 1; FALSE is returned if the result of this addition is 0.<comment>UFI: first try to fix bugtraq 4905779</comment></paragraph> 1829471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3153228K" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U">Examples:</paragraph> 1839471d491SKay Schenk 1849471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155371K" role="paragraph" l10n="U"> 1859471d491SKay Schenk <item type="input">=XOR(12<11;13>22;10)</item> returns TRUE since this converts to (1+0+10) mod 2 = 0 </paragraph> 1869471d491SKay Schenk <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3158412K" role="paragraph" l10n="U"> 1879471d491SKay Schenk <item type="input">=XOR(FALSE;TRUE)</item> returns TRUE.</paragraph> 188*1aeb69bdSKay Schenk </section> 189cdf0e10cSrcweir</sort> 190cdf0e10cSrcweir<section id="relatedtopics"> 191cdf0e10cSrcweir <embed href="text/scalc/01/04060100.xhp#drking"/> 192cdf0e10cSrcweir </section> 193cdf0e10cSrcweir </body> 194cdf0e10cSrcweir</helpdocument>