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2cdf0e10cSrcweir<helpdocument version="1.0">
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452ac0773SAndrew Rist<!--***********************************************************
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2452ac0773SAndrew Rist
2552ac0773SAndrew Rist
26cdf0e10cSrcweir
27cdf0e10cSrcweir
28cdf0e10cSrcweir<meta>
29cdf0e10cSrcweir      <topic id="textscalc0104060105xml" indexer="include">
30cdf0e10cSrcweir         <title xml-lang="en-US" id="tit">Logical Functions</title>
31cdf0e10cSrcweir         <filename>/text/scalc/01/04060105.xhp</filename>
32cdf0e10cSrcweir      </topic>
33cdf0e10cSrcweir   </meta>
34cdf0e10cSrcweir   <body>
35cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3153484"><bookmark_value>logical functions</bookmark_value>
36cdf0e10cSrcweir      <bookmark_value>Function Wizard; logical</bookmark_value>
37cdf0e10cSrcweir      <bookmark_value>functions; logical functions</bookmark_value>
38cdf0e10cSrcweir</bookmark>
39cdf0e10cSrcweir<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3153484" role="heading" level="1" l10n="U" oldref="1">Logical Functions</paragraph>
40cdf0e10cSrcweir      <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149312" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="2"><variable id="logischtext">This category contains the <emph>Logical</emph> functions.
41cdf0e10cSrcweir</variable></paragraph>
42cdf0e10cSrcweir      <section id="howtoget">
43cdf0e10cSrcweir         <embed href="text/scalc/00/00000404.xhp#eikalo"/>
44cdf0e10cSrcweir      </section>
45cdf0e10cSrcweir<sort order="asc">
46cdf0e10cSrcweir<section id="Section6">
47cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3147505"><bookmark_value>AND function</bookmark_value>
48cdf0e10cSrcweir</bookmark>
49cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_UND" id="bm_id3145320" localize="false"/>
50cdf0e10cSrcweir<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3147505" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U"
51cdf0e10cSrcweir                    oldref="29">AND</paragraph>
52cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3153959" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="65"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_UND">Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE.</ahelp> If one of the elements is FALSE, this function returns the FALSE value.</paragraph>
53cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3146100" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="66">The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1&lt;5, 2+3=7, B8&lt;10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.</paragraph>
54cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150538" role="note" l10n="CHG" oldref="67">When a function expects a single value, but you entered a cell range, then the value from the cell range is taken that is in the same column or row as the formula.<comment>UFI: fixed #i18547#</comment></paragraph>
55cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149128" role="note" l10n="CHG" oldref="68">If the entered range is outside of the current column or row of the formula, the function returns the error value #VALUE!</paragraph>
56cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3150374" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U"
57cdf0e10cSrcweir                    oldref="31">Syntax</paragraph>
58cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3159123" role="code" l10n="U" oldref="32">AND(LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30)</paragraph>
59cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150038" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="33">
60cdf0e10cSrcweir            <emph>LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30</emph> are conditions to be checked. All conditions can be either TRUE or FALSE. If a range is entered as a parameter, the function uses the value from the range that is in the current column or row. The result is TRUE if the logical value in all cells within the cell range is TRUE.</paragraph>
61cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3149143" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U"
62cdf0e10cSrcweir                    oldref="34">Example</paragraph>
63cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3153123" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="35">The logical values of entries 12&lt;13; 14&gt;12, and 7&lt;6 are to be checked:</paragraph>
64cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3145632" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="36">
65cdf0e10cSrcweir            <item type="input">=AND(12&lt;13;14&gt;12;7&lt;6)</item> returns FALSE.</paragraph>
66cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149946" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="60">
67cdf0e10cSrcweir            <item type="input">=AND (FALSE;TRUE)</item> returns FALSE.</paragraph>
68cdf0e10cSrcweir      </section>
69*9471d491SKay Schenk<section id="Section1">
70*9471d491SKay Schenk<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3156256"><bookmark_value>TRUE function</bookmark_value>
71*9471d491SKay Schenk</bookmark>
72*9471d491SKay Schenk<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_WAHR" id="bm_id3148426" localize="false"/>
73*9471d491SKay Schenk<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3156256" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U"
74*9471d491SKay Schenk                    oldref="38">TRUE</paragraph>
75*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155985" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="39"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_WAHR">The logical value is set to TRUE.</ahelp> The TRUE() function does not require any arguments, and always returns the logical value TRUE.</paragraph>
76*9471d491SKay Schenk        <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3153717" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U"
77*9471d491SKay Schenk                    oldref="40">Syntax</paragraph>
78*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3152590" role="code" l10n="U" oldref="41">TRUE()</paragraph>
79*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3147175" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U"
80*9471d491SKay Schenk                    oldref="42">Example</paragraph>
81*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3146148" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="43">If A=TRUE and B=FALSE the following examples appear:</paragraph>
82*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3083285" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="44">
83*9471d491SKay Schenk           <item type="input">=AND(A;B)</item> returns FALSE</paragraph>
84*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3083444" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="45">
85*9471d491SKay Schenk            <item type="input">=OR(A;B)</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
86*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154314" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="46">
87*9471d491SKay Schenk            <item type="input">=NOT(AND(A;B))</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
88*9471d491SKay Schenk      </section>
89cdf0e10cSrcweir      <section id="Section5">
90cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3149015"><bookmark_value>FALSE function</bookmark_value>
91cdf0e10cSrcweir</bookmark>
92cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_FALSCH" id="bm_id3154678" localize="false"/>
93cdf0e10cSrcweir<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3149015" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U" oldref="3">FALSE</paragraph>
94cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149890" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="4"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_FALSCH">Returns the logical value FALSE.</ahelp> The FALSE() function does not require any arguments, and always returns the logical value FALSE.</paragraph>
95cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3146939" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" oldref="5">Syntax</paragraph>
96cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150030" role="code" l10n="U" oldref="6">FALSE()</paragraph>
97cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3150697" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U" oldref="7">Example</paragraph>
98cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154842" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="8">
99cdf0e10cSrcweir            <item type="input">=FALSE()</item> returns FALSE</paragraph>
100cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3147468" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="9">
101cdf0e10cSrcweir            <item type="input">=NOT(FALSE())</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
102cdf0e10cSrcweir      </section>
103*9471d491SKay Schenk <section id="Section4">
104cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3150141"><bookmark_value>IF function</bookmark_value>
105cdf0e10cSrcweir</bookmark>
106cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_WENN" id="bm_id3152789" localize="false"/>
107cdf0e10cSrcweir<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3150141" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U"
108cdf0e10cSrcweir                    oldref="48">IF</paragraph>
109cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3148740" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="49"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_WENN">Specifies a logical test to be performed.</ahelp></paragraph>
110cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3153325" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U"
111cdf0e10cSrcweir                    oldref="50">Syntax</paragraph>
112cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154558" role="code" l10n="CHG" oldref="51">IF(Test; ThenValue; OtherwiseValue)</paragraph>
113cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149727" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="52">
114cdf0e10cSrcweir            <emph>Test</emph> is any value or expression that can be TRUE or FALSE.</paragraph>
115cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155828" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="53">
116cdf0e10cSrcweir            <emph>ThenValue</emph> (optional) is the value that is returned if the logical test is TRUE.</paragraph>
117cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154811" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="54">
118cdf0e10cSrcweir            <emph>OtherwiseValue</emph> (optional) is the value that is returned if the logical test is FALSE.</paragraph>
119cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_idN107FA" role="paragraph" l10n="NEW">
120cdf0e10cSrcweir            <embedvar href="text/scalc/00/00000004.xhp#optional"/>
121cdf0e10cSrcweir         </paragraph>
122cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3149507" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U"
123cdf0e10cSrcweir                    oldref="55">Examples</paragraph>
124cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150867" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="57">
125cdf0e10cSrcweir            <item type="input">=IF(A1&gt;5;100;"too small")</item> If the value in A1 is higher than 5, the value 100 is entered in the current cell; otherwise, the text “too small” (without quotes) is entered.</paragraph>
126cdf0e10cSrcweir      </section>
127cdf0e10cSrcweir      <section id="Section3">
128cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3155954"><bookmark_value>NOT function</bookmark_value>
129cdf0e10cSrcweir</bookmark>
130cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_NICHT" id="bm_id3145168" localize="false"/>
131cdf0e10cSrcweir<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3155954" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U"
132cdf0e10cSrcweir                    oldref="12">NOT</paragraph>
133cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3153570" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="13"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_NICHT">Complements (inverts) a logical value.</ahelp></paragraph>
134cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3147372" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U"
135cdf0e10cSrcweir                    oldref="14">Syntax</paragraph>
136cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3157996" role="code" l10n="U" oldref="15">NOT(LogicalValue)</paragraph>
137cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3148766" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="16">
138cdf0e10cSrcweir            <emph>LogicalValue</emph> is any value to be complemented.</paragraph>
139cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3149884" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U"
140cdf0e10cSrcweir                    oldref="17">Example</paragraph>
141cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150132" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="18">
142cdf0e10cSrcweir            <item type="input">=NOT(A)</item>. If A=TRUE then NOT(A) will evaluate FALSE.</paragraph>
143cdf0e10cSrcweir      </section>
144*9471d491SKay Schenk<section id="Section2">
145cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3148394"><bookmark_value>OR function</bookmark_value>
146cdf0e10cSrcweir</bookmark>
147cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_ODER" id="bm_id3155620" localize="false"/>
148cdf0e10cSrcweir<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3148394" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U"
149cdf0e10cSrcweir                    oldref="20">OR</paragraph>
150cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3156060" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="61"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_ODER">Returns TRUE if at least one argument is TRUE.</ahelp> This function returns the value FALSE, if all the arguments have the logical value FALSE.</paragraph>
151cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3148771" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="62">The arguments are either logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1&lt;5, 2+3=7, B8&lt;10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3) containing logical values.</paragraph>
152cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3153546" role="note" l10n="CHG" oldref="63">When a function expects a single value, but you entered a cell range, then the value from the cell range is taken that is in the same column or row as the formula.</paragraph>
153cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149027" role="note" l10n="CHG" oldref="64">If the entered range is outside of the current column or row of the formula, the function returns the error value #VALUE!</paragraph>
154cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3155517" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U"
155cdf0e10cSrcweir                    oldref="22">Syntax</paragraph>
156cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150468" role="code" l10n="U" oldref="23">OR(LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30)</paragraph>
157cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155819" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="24">
158cdf0e10cSrcweir            <emph>LogicalValue1; LogicalValue2 ...LogicalValue30</emph> are conditions to be checked. All conditions can be either TRUE or FALSE. If a range is entered as a parameter, the function uses the value from the range that is in the current column or row.<comment>UFI: first try to fix bugtraq 4905779</comment></paragraph>
159cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3153228" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U"
160*9471d491SKay Schenk                    oldref="25">Examples:</paragraph>
161cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154870" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="26">The logical values of entries 12&lt;11; 13&gt;22, and 45=45 are to be checked.</paragraph>
162cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155371" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="27">
163cdf0e10cSrcweir            <item type="input">=OR(12&lt;11;13&gt;22;45=45)</item> returns TRUE.</paragraph>
164cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3158412" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="59">
165cdf0e10cSrcweir            <item type="input">=OR(FALSE;TRUE)</item> returns TRUE.</paragraph>
166cdf0e10cSrcweir      </section>
167*9471d491SKay Schenk<section id="Section7">
168*9471d491SKay Schenk<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3148394K"><bookmark_value>XOR function</bookmark_value>
169*9471d491SKay Schenk</bookmark><comment>kschenk added this entry</comment>
170*9471d491SKay Schenk<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_ODER" id="bm_id3155620K" localize="false"/>
171*9471d491SKay Schenk<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3148394K" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U">XOR</paragraph>
172*9471d491SKay Schenk					<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3156060K" role="paragraph" l10n="U"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_ODER">Returns the exclusive "or" of arguments.</ahelp></paragraph>
173*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3148771K" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="62">The arguments are either numbers, logical expressions themselves (TRUE, 1&lt;5, 2+3=7, B8&lt;10) that return logical values, or arrays (A1:C3).</paragraph>
174*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3149027K" role="note" l10n="CHG">If the entered range is outside of the current column or row of the formula, the function returns the error value #VALUE!</paragraph>
175*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3155517K" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U"
176*9471d491SKay Schenk                   oldref="22">Syntax</paragraph>
177*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3150468K" role="code" l10n="U">XOR(Value1; Value2 ...Value30)</paragraph>
178*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155819K" role="paragraph" l10n="CHG" oldref="24">
179*9471d491SKay Schenk
180*9471d491SKay Schenk            <emph>Value1; Value2 ...Value30</emph> are are added modulo 2. TRUE is returned if the result of this addition is
181*9471d491SKay Schenk			1; FALSE is returned if the result of this addition is 0.<comment>UFI: first try to fix bugtraq 4905779</comment></paragraph>
182*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3153228K" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U">Examples:</paragraph>
183*9471d491SKay Schenk
184*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155371K" role="paragraph" l10n="U">
185*9471d491SKay Schenk            <item type="input">=XOR(12&lt;11;13&gt;22;10)</item> returns TRUE since this converts to (1+0+10) mod 2  = 0 </paragraph>
186*9471d491SKay Schenk         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3158412K" role="paragraph" l10n="U">
187*9471d491SKay Schenk            <item type="input">=XOR(FALSE;TRUE)</item> returns TRUE.</paragraph>
188*9471d491SKay Schenk </section>
189cdf0e10cSrcweir      <section id="Section1">
190cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id3156256"><bookmark_value>TRUE function</bookmark_value>
191cdf0e10cSrcweir</bookmark>
192cdf0e10cSrcweir<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="hid/SC_HID_FUNC_WAHR" id="bm_id3148426" localize="false"/>
193cdf0e10cSrcweir<paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3156256" role="heading" level="2" l10n="U"
194cdf0e10cSrcweir                    oldref="38">TRUE</paragraph>
195cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3155985" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="39"><ahelp hid="HID_FUNC_WAHR">The logical value is set to TRUE.</ahelp> The TRUE() function does not require any arguments, and always returns the logical value TRUE.</paragraph>
196cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3153717" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U"
197cdf0e10cSrcweir                    oldref="40">Syntax</paragraph>
198cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3152590" role="code" l10n="U" oldref="41">TRUE()</paragraph>
199cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="hd_id3147175" role="heading" level="3" l10n="U"
200cdf0e10cSrcweir                    oldref="42">Example</paragraph>
201cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3146148" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="43">If A=TRUE and B=FALSE the following examples appear:</paragraph>
202cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3083285" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="44">
203cdf0e10cSrcweir            <item type="input">=AND(A;B)</item> returns FALSE</paragraph>
204cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3083444" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="45">
205cdf0e10cSrcweir            <item type="input">=OR(A;B)</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
206cdf0e10cSrcweir         <paragraph xml-lang="en-US" id="par_id3154314" role="paragraph" l10n="U" oldref="46">
207cdf0e10cSrcweir            <item type="input">=NOT(AND(A;B))</item> returns TRUE</paragraph>
208cdf0e10cSrcweir      </section>
209cdf0e10cSrcweir</sort>
210cdf0e10cSrcweir<section id="relatedtopics">
211cdf0e10cSrcweir         <embed href="text/scalc/01/04060100.xhp#drking"/>
212cdf0e10cSrcweir      </section>
213cdf0e10cSrcweir   </body>
214cdf0e10cSrcweir</helpdocument>