1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 3 4 5<!--*********************************************************** 6 * 7 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one 8 * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file 9 * distributed with this work for additional information 10 * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file 11 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 12 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance 13 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 14 * 15 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 16 * 17 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, 18 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an 19 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY 20 * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 21 * specific language governing permissions and limitations 22 * under the License. 23 * 24 ***********************************************************--> 25 26 27 28 29 <helpdocument version="1.0"> 30<meta> 31<topic id="textsmathguidelimitsxml" indexer="include" status="PUBLISH"> 32<title id="tit" xml-lang="en-US">Working with Limits</title> 33<filename>/text/smath/guide/limits.xhp</filename> 34</topic> 35</meta> 36<body> 37<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id8404492"><bookmark_value>limits;in sums/integrals</bookmark_value> 38<bookmark_value>integral limits</bookmark_value> 39</bookmark> 40<paragraph role="heading" id="hd_id1892147" xml-lang="en-US" level="1" l10n="NEW"><variable id="limits"><link href="text/smath/guide/limits.xhp">Working with Limits</link> 41</variable></paragraph> 42<paragraph role="heading" id="hd_id9881893" xml-lang="en-US" level="3" l10n="NEW">How can I define the limits in a Sum or Integral formula?<comment>i83226</comment></paragraph> 43<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id6504409" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">You want to insert a summation formula like "summation of s^k from k = 0 to n" at the cursor in a Writer text document.</paragraph> 44<list type="ordered"> 45<listitem> 46<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id8811304" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">Choose <item type="menuitem">Insert - Object - Formula</item>.</paragraph> 47<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id1276589" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">You see the Math input window and the Elements window. If you don't see the Elements window, you can enable it in the View menu.</paragraph> 48</listitem> 49<listitem> 50<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id3283791" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">In the upper part of the Elements window, click the <emph>Operators</emph> icon.</paragraph> 51</listitem> 52<listitem> 53<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id9734794" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">In the lower part of the Elements window, click the <emph>Sum</emph> icon.</paragraph> 54</listitem> 55<listitem> 56<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id9641712" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">To enable lower and upper limits, click additionally the <emph>Upper and Lower Limits</emph> icon.</paragraph> 57</listitem> 58<listitem> 59<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id3304239" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">In the input window, the first placeholder or marker is selected, and you can start to enter the lower limit: </paragraph> 60<paragraph role="code" id="par_id8679158" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">k = 0</paragraph> 61</listitem> 62<listitem> 63<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id8471327" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">Press F4 to advance to the next marker, and enter the upper limit:</paragraph> 64<paragraph role="code" id="par_id4731894" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">n</paragraph> 65</listitem> 66<listitem> 67<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id759300" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">Press F4 to advance to the next marker, and enter the summand:</paragraph> 68<paragraph role="code" id="par_id651875" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">s^k</paragraph> 69</listitem> 70<listitem> 71<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id6756187" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">Now the formula is complete. Click into your text document outside the formula to leave the formula editor.</paragraph> 72</listitem> 73</list> 74<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id9406414" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">In the same way, you can enter an Integral formula with limits. When you click an icon from the Elements window, the assigned text command is inserted in the input window. If you know the text commands, you can enter the commands directly in the input window.</paragraph> 75<list type="ordered"> 76<listitem> 77<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id5866267" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">Choose <item type="menuitem">Insert - Object - Formula</item>.</paragraph> 78</listitem> 79<listitem> 80<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id1965697" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">Click in the input window and enter the following line:</paragraph> 81<paragraph role="code" id="par_id9004486" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">int from{a} to{b} f(x)`dx</paragraph> 82<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id4651020" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">A small gap exists between f(x) and dx, which you can also enter using the Elements window: click the <emph>Format</emph> icon, then the <emph>Small Gap</emph> icon.</paragraph> 83</listitem> 84</list> 85<paragraph role="note" id="par_id3877071" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">If you don't like the font of the letters f and x, choose <item type="menuitem">Format - Fonts</item> and select other fonts. Click the <emph>Default</emph> button to use the new fonts as default from now on.</paragraph> 86<paragraph role="tip" id="par_id3021332" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">If you need the formula within a line of text, the limits increase the line height. You can choose <item type="menuitem">Format - Text Mode</item> to place the limits besides the Sum or Integral symbol, which reduces the line height.</paragraph> 87<embed href="text/shared/00/00000004.xhp#related"/> 88<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id260322" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW"><link href="text/smath/01/03090909.xhp">Example of Integral and Sum ranges</link></paragraph> 89</body> 90</helpdocument> 91